One of the main reasons- highest quality pictures. Let me remind you that the same super-successful 16MP Sony matrix is installed in a dozen models of different brands of different price categories without changes, and matrices with other color filters are made on its basis.
To avoid "cannibalism" - "eating" by the camera of a segment of more expensive models where an identical matrix (or of the same class) is installed, Nikon programmatically installed certain limiters in the Nikon D5100 that cut or block the camera's capabilities.
What Nikons and Kenons are good for is that there are enthusiasts who modify the original camera OS (aka firmware) with the ability to unlock / add functionality.
Modified firmware for Nikon D5100 adds the following features:
- two new RAW formats
explanation. for a clearer division into segments, Nikon D5100 / D7000 Nikon blocked the uncompressed RAW format in the Nikon D5100 camera, leaving only the compressed (compressed) RAW (NEF) with the irretrievable loss of part of the image information. the modification allows you to choose between uncompressed RAW format (NEF Compression OFF) and lossless RAW compression (NEF Compression Lossless). In practice, the size of the RAW file will increase from 15MB to 20MB (approximately).
New video recording formats - with significantly increased bitrate.
Video 1080 HQ modes are available - with a rate of 36Mbps and 54
(!) Mbps
Cancel the limitation on the time of the video file in 20min. Those. there is only a 4GB size limit due to the file system.
Unlocking the ability to use non-branded batteries (i.e. non-Nikon production).
Unlocking the ability to change ISO and shutter speed in live view (Liveview Manual Control ISO / Shutter).
Changing the display of service information in live mode view - cleaning the screen from redundant information (Clean HDMI & LCD Liveview).
Improving the quality of camera JPEG files by reducing their compression (files will be larger in size but higher in picture quality)
For those who like to take pictures of the starry sky - the ability to turn off the Hot Pixel Suppression filter.
Conveniently, in the process of modifying the original firmware, you can unlock / add only those functions that you need.
The modification process is extremely simple - load the original firmware (firmware), mark the desired functions in the checkboxes and save the already modified version. Then do the firmware update in the camera.
As you can see, the list of changes is quite impressive and significantly expands the capabilities of the camera. Used Nikon D5100 price today is about $300! It is not surprising that with such capabilities and such a price, the camera is perhaps one of the best today.
solutions on the market in their segment.
Long before Hippocrates began to use the modern Latin term "psoa" - lumbar (muscle), anatomists Ancient Greece called these muscles "the womb for the kidneys" because of physical relationship with these bodies.
In the 17th century, the French anatomist Riolanus made a grammatical error that persists to this day when he named the two psoas as one "psoas" instead of the proper Latin "psoai" (Diab, 1999). This may have an effect on our perception of muscle as team players, not as individual muscles adapting to our asymmetrical habits.
Dr. John Basmajian, the father of electromyography (EMG) science, contributed to the misunderstanding by claiming that the psoas and iliac muscles function inseparably because they share a common inferior attachment. His opinion led to the widespread use of the term "iliopsoas" (ilio-lumbar), depriving each of the muscles individual features, and set the precedent for measuring the EMG of the iliacus rather than the deeper and more inaccessible psoas. This whole story helps to understand the reasons for the widespread misconceptions about the actual role of the psoas.
Anatomical overview
When we discuss the psoas muscle, it should be noted that there are two psoas muscles - large and small, but only half of the population has the latter. This article is dedicated to the psoas major.
Even though the psoas major looks like one long multi-joint muscle, the dissection shows a slightly different situation. The abdomen of each muscle contains (on average) 11 bundles of muscle fibers with separate attachment to the bones, where the most superficial bundles are attached to the lower thoracic vertebra, and the rest are lower, in different places lumbar, and below they are attached to the femur. In addition to being attached to the transverse processes of some vertebrae, the psoas muscle is attached directly to each intervertebral disc in the lumbar region. The total number of psoas attachments is 22: one to each thigh and 20 attachments to the spine.
The psoas has two layers - superficial and deep. Between the layers passes the lumbar plexus, consisting of a large number nerves that innervate the transverse and oblique muscles of the abdomen, the pelvic floor, the deep rotators of the thigh, and most of the thigh muscles (Kirshmair et al, 2008). In connection with large quantity Attachments The psoas muscle covers many joints and nerve networks, so it is not surprising that it can be the culprit in many injuries.
Psoas mechanics
In light of information about the points of insertion, questions arise: does the psoas flex the hip? Or does it move the spine? Or maybe she does both?
Biomechanics are always trying to build a picture based on a "presumed" action, taking into account the health of the joints, the leverage and the force produced. Numerous connections to the spine imply that the main role of the psoas muscle is to provide some kind of movement of the spine. But a test of this hypothesis shows that the attachment angles do not provide sufficient force for tilting to the side. Remember lifting the body from a position lying at school ( old school!) from the National Fitness Testing program (now known as the President's Challenge Program)? In a movement similar to lifting the trunk (which, oddly enough, is still on the protocol), the psoas simultaneously extends the upper vertebrae and flexes the lower vertebrae, creating a shearing force in the lumbar vertebrae (one vertebrae slides relative to the other), and also creates a significant compressive load (Bogduk, Pearcy & Hadfield, 1992) is an undesirable movement for long-term back health.
Studies show that the psoas muscle plays an active role in hip flexion, but compared to the iliacus muscle, the psoas muscle stabilizes the spine (preventing the vertebrae from rotating in the frontal plane) more than it produces leg movement (Hu et al. 2011). Finally, multiple attachments create the need for sufficient elongation in the psoas to allow the spine, pelvis, and hips to move freely, naturally, without pain or injury.
Sedentary lifestyle and psoas
If you've ever seen a triathlete go from cycling to running, you can imagine how long the psoas shortening affects your ability to walk upright. In a little less extreme situation: Hours (and many more hours) spent sitting affect the ability of the psoas to stretch to its maximum length - the length that allows you to stand upright and, perhaps more importantly, lengthen when you walk. If you count the number of clients who go from eight hours of sitting at work to "fitness" activities that additionally predispose the psoas to shortening (exercise bike, stair climber, seated machine exercise), then don't be surprised that people who exercise , so many problems with the lower back, pelvis and hips.
What does a shortened psoas look like?
Specialists, noticing excessive curvature of the lumbar spine, often conclude that the client's pelvis is tilted forward. This form of postural assessment is erroneous, since it is not supported by objective data on the position of the skeleton, in particular, the origin of the curve. Excessive extension of the spine or forward tilt of the pelvis is not necessarily evidence of a shortened psoas. Instead, there is a peculiar curve created by the displacement of the upper lumbar vertebrae combined with extension and displacement and flexion of the lower vertebrae. It looks like excessive bending, with one exception - a bony sign: the ribcage.
Psoas assessment
Due to the fact that the psoas muscle can move the spine forward, it is very common to see "protruding ribs" when the muscle is shortened. It is difficult to assess this in a standing position, as many people compensate for the shortening of the psoas by slightly flexing the hips and knees, "weakening the lumbar line." For objective evaluation use the supine position.
Begin work with the client in a sitting position with straightened legs. The quads should be completely relaxed and the hamstrings should touch the floor. Stop the client when leaning back when bottom surface hips will rise from the floor. At this point, support your client under the head and shoulder blades, leaving room for the ribs to drop to the floor. The height of the support depends on the tension of the lumbar muscle.
Ideally, you should be able to lie on the floor in a "neutral" skeletal position. A shortened psoas will lift the hip or lower ribs off the floor. This estimate is a corrective position. If ribs are raised by the psoas, ask the client to relax until the lower ribs are on the floor. When working with a client, it is necessary to gradually reduce the height or position at which support is needed.
Iliac or lumbar?
Lying on the back leg raises are a fairly common exercise in treatment and training. Raises should ideally strengthen the legs (rectus femoris, iliacus, sartorius, tensor fascia lata, and some adductors), but most people actually exercise with the psoas instead of the knee stabilization muscles. How can you explain to them? Many practitioners tilt their pelvis back at the same time as they raise their legs. While technically still a "leg raise", the movement is due to flexion of the lower back, not the hips, which increases the load on the intervertebral discs, does not improve knee stabilization, and additionally shortens the psoas muscle. Learn to raise your legs in the best way:
the client lies on his back, one leg is bent at the knee (foot on the floor), and the other, fully extended, on the floor. Before starting the exercise, it is necessary to place the pelvis in a neutral position (the anterior superior iliac axis and the pubic symphysis are in the same horizontal plane). Ask the client to raise the straight leg to the height of the opposite knee without moving the pelvis.
Restoring the balance of the psoas muscle: what to increase and what to reduce
Probably never earlier people were more informed by the health care team regarding questions about the connection of the mysterious psoas to the lower back, hips, groin, and pelvic floor. Therefore, it is essential for movement professionals to understand the anatomy and biomechanical action of the psoas, as well as how to modify exercises when designing programs to reduce the risk of problems in the future.
It is not surprising that sports and fitness people so often have problems with the psoas. By doing a quick kinematic evaluation of your favorite exercise types, you will find that most of them involve hip flexion. Tracking and calculating the habitual joint angles of clients throughout the day will likely reveal long periods (think hours!) in sitting positions - at work, in the car, on the couch. If you combine seated work with time when you sit while exercising, you find that the psoas didn't stand a chance with all those hip flexions!
While it may seem logical to balance the habit of constant hip flexion with hip extension, it is not best recommendation, as it slightly reduces the disproportionate tension of the lumbar muscle, but simply temporarily redistributes it. Instead of simply adding extension exercises, consider replacing common hip flexion activities such as Treadmill or an exercise bike, for movements that involve more hip extension such as roller skating or skiing.
Advise clients to reduce the amount of time they spend in a sitting position, using a standing workstation, and reduce the amount of seated exercise (biking, machines, etc.). Consider adding exercises to stretch the psoas muscles from yoga (lunge or warrior pose), giving Special attention the position of the ribs. The protrusion of the ribs during these exercises reduces their effectiveness for lengthening the psoas. Have clients lower their lower ribs until they are level with the pelvis to keep muscle attachments under control.
APPENDIX.
Psoas and treadmill
Walking remains one of the most popular types physical activity, including on the treadmill. However, walking on a treadmill changes the natural gait pattern in the direction of increased flexion (Alton et al, 1998), which means more stress on the psoas. Like space ship, which must push off the ground in order to take off, our body needs to push off to move forward.
Since the treadmill is moving in the opposite direction, our legs require much less force to push off. This requires us to raise our legs in front of us to prevent falling forward. So while walking for miles on a treadmill can be convenient, the mechanics of walking this way can make things worse.
Translation: S. Strukova. from Sports Articles
And promised to collect the top French actresses. Fulfilling my promise, I tried to take into account the mistakes of the previous top. I could not distribute these beautiful women in places, because the numbers here are just in order. Also, it is not customary to talk about the age of lovely ladies, so you will not see the dates of birth of actresses here.
Most of these actresses have starred not only in French cinema, but also in all the major film industries in Europe and in Hollywood. All of them are wonderful. Enjoy!
1. Catherine Deneuve, the first film in 1957, with a total of 163 film roles. Queen of French cinema!
2. Michele Mercier, the first film in 1957, with a total of 54 film roles. Gorgeous Angelica. Very beautiful and passionate actress.
3. Anouk Aimee, the first film in 1947, a total of 100 film roles. For me personally, she is the star of my favorite Fellini films.
4. Brigitte Bardot ( Brigitte Bardot)
, the first film in 1952, a total of 72 film roles. Two-thirds of all the men on the planet openly went crazy over her, the rest did it secretly, accusing her of vulgarity :)
5. Marion Cotillard, the first film in 1992, a total of 66 film roles. Oscar and Golden Globe winner, very rare case for French actors.
6. Laetitia Casta, the first film in 1999, a total of 22 film roles. No wonder she played Brigitte Bordeaux in the film about Gainsbourg, she may well claim her laurels as an uninhibited beauty in modern cinema.
7. Simone Signoret, the first film in 1942, a total of 87 film roles. Great actress, winner of the Oscar for the main female role, and the Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival.
8. Emmanuelle Béart, the first film in 1972, with a total of 63 film roles. At home, the press has long proclaimed her one of the most beautiful women in French cinema.
9. Fanny Ardant, the first film in 1976, 77 film roles. Wonderful and very extraordinary actress
10 Audrey Tautou, the first film in 1992, a total of 39 film roles. She began acting at the same time as Cotillard, but she has almost half as many roles. However, almost all her roles become an event.
11 Isabelle Huppert, the first film in 1971, with a total of 111 film roles. The actress who has the largest number of films with her participation, presented in the official program of the Cannes Film Festival (16 films).
12. Sandrine Bonnaire, the first film in 1982, a total of 57 film roles. Many remember her from the joint picture of Russia and France "East-West"
13. Sophie Marceau, the first film in 1980, a total of 49 film roles. Started acting in early youth and is still a star.
14. Mireille Darc, the first film in 1960, a total of 77 film roles. A wonderful actress with a very bright civic position. She is a Knight of the Legion of Honor and in 2006 received the badge of the Legion of Honor from Jacques Chirac.
15. Jeanne Moreau, the first film in 1949, with a total of 182 film roles. While Brigitte Bardot symbolized sensuality and Catherine Deneuve elegance, Jeanne Moreau embodied in cinema the ideal of intellectual femininity.
16. Delphine Seyrig, the first film in 1959, a total of 66 film roles. “The striking, almost unreal, aristocratically refined beauty was combined in her with the absolute isolation of the screen images she created.” (from one of the obituaries)
17. Annie Girardot, the first film in 1955, with a total of 162 film roles. Undoubtedly one of the greatest actresses of French cinema.
18 Juliette Binoche, the first film in 1983, a total of 71 film roles. The third and last Oscar winner on this list, though for a supporting role.
19. Marie Trintignan, the first film in 1967, a total of 58 film roles. Daughter famous actor and famous screenwriter. She did not shame her parents.
20. Marina Vlady, the first film in 1949, a total of 105 film roles. In our country, she is especially known as the wife of Vladimir Vysotsky, but she has more than a hundred film roles behind her.
21. Carole Bouquet, the first film in 1977, a total of 64 films in cinemas. This beauty besides acting work for many years was the face of Chanel and Christian Dior.
22. Anne Parillaud, the first film in 1977, a total of 34 film roles. The famous "Nikita" from the film by Luc Beson.
23. Vanessa Paradis, the first film in 1989, a total of 23 films in cinemas. In addition to being an actress, she also sings. Companion of Johnny Depp.
24. Judith Godrèche, the first film in 1984, a total of 42 film roles. Her actor career at it's peak. In addition, she managed to make a film as a director.
25. Virginie Ledoyen, the first film in 1987, a total of 43 film roles. Most viewers remember her from the movie "The Beach". However, she is now very actively removed and I think she will still show what she is capable of.
26. Christine Boisson, the first film in 1973, a total of 76 film roles. After a stormy youth and filming in minor films in minor roles, she trained as an actress and began acting only in serious films, with Antonioni, Lelouch and others.
27. Miu-Miu (Miou-Miou), the first film in 1971, with a total of 81 film roles. real name - Sylvette Herry (Sylvette Herry). Nine times the actress was nominated for the award "Cesar", and in 1980 she was awarded her for her role as a prostitute in the film "Trick" and ... refused to accept the award.
28. Eva Green, the first film in 2003, a total of 20 film roles. She has not starred in many films yet, but in notable films, she managed to become a Bond girl.
29. Dominique Sanda, the first film in 1969, a total of 55 film roles. Star cult films 70s "The Conformist" and "Twentieth Century" by Bernardo Bertolucci. Awarded the Palme d'Or at Cannes for Best Actress.
30. Isabelle Adjani, the first film in 1970, a total of 59 film roles. Winner of a record 5 Cesar awards in the category for best actress and just a beauty.
FROM I looked at these photos and thought - the girls are so beautiful and perfect that I would never understand without a hint what the catch is. And you? Seriously, they are much more beautiful than most women, it is very easy to be deceived. I hope they honestly tell their counterparts - “you know, I can handle this thing so well because I also had one ...”.
№1 GINA ROSERO
T from the case I mentioned above. For 12 years she was a hugely successful model for lingerie, swimwear and who knows what else, and then po-pa-pa and revealed that she was transgender. In fact, no one suspected anything. She had the operation at the age of 17. Admit it, you yourself would never have guessed!
№2 INES RAU
L Personally, she seems to me most like a man, very much, for my taste, rough features. However, Inez very quickly became a popular model, conquered the catwalk and starred for Vogue.
I suddenly thought - I wonder if real women will buy cosmetics and something there that is advertised by transgender people? Will transgender people take over the world of fashion and gloss? Will they begin to introduce "quotas" for the mandatory presence of real women, at least 40% of total number in beauty pageants? Brrr. Some scary world.
№3 ANDREY PEZHYCH
BUT Andrej Pejic is probably the most famous former man". In 2014, he changed gender and became Andrea Pejic. Today she is the face of a cosmetic brand for women (!) Make Up For Ever. They say Andrea is getting married soon...
I would not be able to live with a transgender, honestly.
Apparently, I'm just notorious and not progressive.
#4 CHRISTOPHER ROMAN
T Now her name is Carmen Carrera. She is 28 years old, she is a popular TV presenter in the USA. She makes a career in the fashion world, and I never understood whether she was taken to the Victoria's Secret Angels or not, but this option was seriously discussed.
Despite the fact that this newly-born girl did not seem to me the most beautiful, her Instagram gives a clear feeling - the person is happy. She is kind of simple, enjoys life, herself, and does not show only the most beautiful photos. In general, I really liked Carmen.
#5 JENNA TALAKOVA
D Jenna became famous after the scandal at the Miss Universe contest, which she won, but was suspended for hiding the fact of a sex change. After this competition, Donald Trump, the organizer, allowed transgender people to participate in it. I didn’t really understand from the Internet what the girl was doing, but they are talking about their own reality show and, of course, she is actively filmed by gloss.
In fact, there are much more beautiful transgender models than I have given in the selection.
But, frankly, it became a little creepy to look at them. Yet the world in which you do not understand who is in front of you - a woman who has become a man or a man, former woman, I don't like.
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